Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine

June 10, 2008 - 7:30am

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Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine

Adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by ]]>EBSCO Publishing Editorial Staff]]>

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) disease is a serious disease caused by bacteria. It usually affects children under 5 years old.

Children can get Hib disease by being around other children or adults who may have the bacteria and not know it. The germs spread from person to person. If the germs stay in the child's nose and throat, the child probably will not get sick. But sometimes the germs spread into the lungs or the bloodstream, and then Hib can cause serious problems.

Before Hib vaccine, Hib disease was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis among children under 5 years old in the United States. Meningitis is an infection of the brain and spinal cord coverings, which can lead to lasting brain damage and deafness. Hib disease can also cause:

Pneumonia
Severe swelling in the throat, making it hard to breathe
Infections of the blood, joints, bones, and covering of the heart
Death

Before Hib vaccine, about 20,000 children in the United States under 5 years old got severe Hib disease each year and nearly 1,000 people died.

Hib vaccine can prevent Hib disease. Many more children would get Hib disease if we stopped vaccinating.

Hib vaccine recommendations

Children

Children should get Hib vaccine at:

2 months of age
4 months of age
6 months of age
12 to15 months of age

Depending on what brand of Hib vaccine is used, your child might not need the dose at 6 months of age. Your doctor or nurse will tell you if this dose is needed. If you miss a dose or get behind schedule, get the next dose as soon as you can. There is no need to start over. Hib vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines.

Older children and adults

Children over 5 years old usually do not need Hib vaccine. But some older children or adults with special health conditions should get it. These conditions include sickle cell disease, HIV/AIDS, removal of the spleen, bone marrow transplant, or cancer treatment with drugs. Ask your doctor or nurse for details.

Who should not get Hib vaccine

People who have had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a previous dose of Hib vaccine should not get another dose.
Children less than 6 weeks of age should not get Hib vaccine.
People who are moderately or severely ill at the time the shot is scheduled should usually wait until they recover before getting Hib vaccine.

Ask your doctor or nurse for more information.

Risks associated with Hib vaccine

In some people, a vaccine can cause serious problems, such as severe allergic reactions. The risk of Hib vaccine causing serious harm or death is extremely small. Most people who get Hib vaccine do not have any problems with it.

Mild problems

Redness, warmth, or swelling in the area of the vaccine (up to one fourth of children)
Fever over 101 degrees Fahrenheit (up to 1 out of 20 children)

If these problems happen, the usually start within a day of vaccination. They may last 2 to 3 days.

Moderate or severe reactions

Be alert for any unusual condition, such as a serious allergic reaction, high fever or behavior changes. Signs of a serious allergic reaction can include difficulty breathing, hoarseness or wheezing, hives, paleness, weakness, racing heart, or dizziness within a few minutes to a few hours after the shot.

What to do

If there is a severe reaction, call a doctor, or get the person to a doctor right away. Tell your doctor what happened, the date and time it happened, and when the vaccination was given. Ask your doctor, nurse, or health department to file a Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) form, or call VAERS at 1-800-822-7967.

The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program

In the rare event that you or your child has a serious reaction to a vaccine, a federal program has been created to help you pay for the care of those who have been harmed.

For details about the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, call 1-800-338-2382 or visit the program's website at http://www.hrsa.gov/osp/vicp/INDEX.HTM

SOURCE

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, October 2000

Last reviewed October 2000 by ]]>EBSCO Publishing Editorial Staff]]>

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.