Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) is defined as persistent, recurring problems with sexual response or desire that causes distress and negatively affects one’s relationship with her partner. FSD can manifest in various forms, including little to no sexual desire, inability to orgasm, painful intercourse and other issues. There are treatments available for FSD, so it is important to obtain a proper diagnosis to gain access to these treatment options.
It can be difficult to measure your sexual desire. Sex drive varies from one person to the next, and an individual’s own sex drive may change from time to time. This is all normal. However, if lack of sexual desire is causing you distress, it may be worthwhile to evaluate the nature of the problem, seek a diagnosis and investigate treatments.
Both physiological and psychological disorders can play a role in sexual desire, arousal and orgasm. It is important to identify the underlying causes of sexual dysfunction. For example, stress, anxiety, depression or lack of sleep can all lead to a drop in sex drive. Low sex drive could simply be your body’s way of telling you that you need some extra sleep or that your stress level is too high. If this is the case, having patience until the stressful event has passed may be all you need. Treating the underlying issue first before seeking medical treatment is often worthwhile.
If underlying psychological issues are not to blame, a diagnosis of FSD by a gynecologist can lead to further treatment options. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), defined as “low or no sexual interest to the point of distress in otherwise healthy people,” is a medical condition that requires treatment. Potential treatments may include:
• Testosterone – although the FDA has not yet approved a testosterone supplement for women, doctors can prescribe this treatment off-label and may recommend a low-dose version.
• Topical creams – creams or gels that aid arousal and increase blood flow to the vaginal area may help enhance sexual desire.
• Exercise – studies have shown that exercise is linked to sexual desire and satisfaction, even more so than testosterone levels.
For some women, sexual dysfunction comes in the form of pain during intercourse. Painful intercourse can significantly and negatively affect a woman’s sex life, as well as her sexual relationships. Pain with penetration can be the result of many factors including:
• Insufficient lubrication
• A tight vaginal entrance
• Infection
• Tears or scarring in ligaments around the uterus
• Endometriosis
• Cysts or tumors in the ovaries
• A tilted uterus
• Chronic vulvar pain called vulvodynia
A gynecologist can determine whether painful symptoms are caused by one of these physical conditions, and if so, recommend treatments. In some cases, sticking to comfortable sexual positions or using a good lubricant may solve the problem. In others, hormone therapy, pelvic floor physical therapy or surgery may be needed.
In any case, every woman deserves to have a satisfying and fulfilling sex life. Open communication with one’s partner is an important step in creating an environment that allows for a comfortable sexual relationship. When sexual issues come into play, identifying the underlying cause can aid in alleviating the symptoms. If physical issues are the suspected cause, an experienced gynecologist or practitioner can make a diagnosis and recommend effective treatment options.