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Cervical Cancer Causes & Risks

Causes

Research suggests that some sexually transmitted viruses (eg, human papilloma virus ) can cause the nuclei in cervical cells to begin the changes that can lead to cancer.

Risk Factors

Scientists believe several risk factors act together. These include:

  • Infection of the cervix with the human papillomavirus (HPV)—the primary risk factor for cervical cancer
  • History of cervical dysplasia (a precancerous condition)
  • Being a woman whose mother took the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Age: over 25 years old
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Sexual activity prior to age 18
  • First pregnancy prior to age 20
  • History of not having Pap tests
  • Smoking

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Copyright © 2026 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.

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