After a decade of steady decline, U.S. teen pregnancies are up 3 percent. Multiple reasons have been cited and are being debated. Arguments over the pros and cons of abstinence-only education are just the beginning.
The numbers are from 2006, the most recent year in which figures are available, and reflect increases in teen birth and abortion rates of 4 percent and 1 percent, respectively. This marks the first increase in more than a decade and reverses a downward trend that started in the 1990’s, according to the Guttmacher Institute, a non-profit group that studies reproductive and sexual health.
New Mexico led the states with the highest teenage pregnancy rate of 9 percent, followed by Nevada, Arizona, Texas and Mississippi. New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, Minnesota and North Dakota had the lowest rates of teen pregnancies.
A primary reason given for the increase by the Guttmacher Institute was less effective use of contraceptives by sexually active teens. Lawrence Finer, PhD and Guttmacher Director of Domestic Research, told WebMD that sexual activity is not up. "We have not seen too many changes in sexual activity. That is not driving the trends," he said. "In the '90s, most of the decline in teen pregnancy was due to improved contraceptive use, and some to decline in sexual activity. But that decline has plateaued -- teen pregnancy is up."
Abstinence-only programs were also cited as a contributor. “After more than a decade of progress, this reversal is deeply troubling,” said Heather Boonstra, Guttmacher Institute Senior Public Policy Associate. “It coincides with an increase in rigid abstinence-only-until-marriage programs, which received major funding boosts under the Bush administration. A strong body of research shows that these programs do not work.”
Cecil Richards, president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, said, “This new study makes it crystal clear that abstinence-only sex education for teenagers does not work, and it should serve as a wake-up call to anyone who still believes that teenagers aren’t sexually active or that abstinence-only programs curb the rate of teen pregnancy."
Valerie Huber, Executive Director of the National Abstinence Education Association, denounced the report as “terribly simplistic” and “disingenuous.” She said, “Since about the early 1990s, teen birthrates and teen pregnancy rates have dropped about 30 to 35 percent, a tremendous drop.” Huber acknowledged that in the last few years there has been a “very slight uptick” in the number of teen pregnancies and abortions, but said that overall “we have a cultural trend that is very positive.”
Still another reason being cited is a surge in domestic violence in teenage relationships. One third of teens say they've been in an abusive relationship at some point, and a study in the current issue of the Journal Contraception finds that women in these relationships are twice as likely to have an unintended pregnancy.
Others reasons cited include:
-Declines in contraceptive use due to complacency about the HIV virus and STDs.
-Greater acceptance of teen pregnancy due to hit movies such as Juno which has a positive portrayal of a pregnant teen.
-Less stigma about teen pregnancy as teens see pregnant peers in their classes today, a rare practice in the past.
What do you think? Does this trend bother you? Do you think abstinence-only education programs are valuable? Is there a need for domestic violence education programs that teach women to stand up for themselves regarding birth control? Should there be more focus on HIV and STD awareness? Has Hollywood gone too far in glamorizing teen pregnancy? What level of self-responsibility should teens be expected to assume? And, for our teen readers, are adults missing something they need to know about your lives and needs?
Resources:
http://www.guttmacher.org/media/nr/2010/01/26/index.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/27/us/27teen.html
http://www.webmd.com/news/20100126/teen-pregnancy-surges
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OK83Ra8At-k
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/25/AR2010012503957.html
http://www.usnews.com/health/family-health/womens-health/articles/2010/01/25/male-abusers-often-sabotage-birth-control-with-partners.html