The pituitary gland is small, legumed-shaped and positioned at the base of the brain. Sometimes, this gland experiences abnormal growth like pituitary tumors. These tumors, in turn, can cause an overproduction of hormones or in some cases, it can cause an underproduction of hormones.
Even though most pituitary tumors are benign, the drastic changes in hormones are important because this gland regulates important functions in the body like growth, blood pressure and reproduction. The absolute cause of these tumors is unknown, although some think that heredity is a key factor.
Symptoms
When a tumor starts to grow, there are a number of symptoms that may arise. It is important to note some symptoms are related to tumor pressure while other symptoms are caused by hormonal changes. The list of symptoms is as follows:
Symptoms related to tumor pressure:
Headache
Vision Loss
Clear, watery nasal discharge
Nausea and vomiting
Seizures
Symptoms of pituitary hormone deficiency
Fatigue
Weakness
Cold intolerance
Constipation
Low blood pressure
Body hair loss
Sexual dysfunction
Unintended weight loss or gain
Symptoms related to hormonal changes:
Cushing’s syndrome
Coarsened facial features
Enlarged hands and feet
Excessive sweating
Excessive growth (in children)
High blood pressure
Heart problems
Decreased sex hormones
Irregular menstrual periods
Milky discharge from breasts (in women)
Enlarged breasts (in men)
Erectile dysfunction
Infertility (in men)
Decreased body hair (in men)
Loss of interest in sex (in men)
Tests and Diagnosis
Patients suspected of having trouble with their pituitary gland will more than likely be referred to an endocrinologist. This specialist will conduct several tests that may include: blood and urine tests, brain imaging, and vision testing. Radiation therapy is used to shrink some types of pituitary tumors. In many cases, it is used in conjunction with surgery, but in other cases, it is used when surgery cannot be performed.
Medications or drug therapy is also used to lower hormone production as well as tumor shrinkage. The last method for treatment is observation. Many people who have pituitary tumors, after tests and consultation with their medical team, find that their tumor allows the pituitary gland to function normally and without complications. Consequently, you and your medical team may just decide on periodic monitoring if this is the situation.
In conclusion, pituitary tumors can be a very serious ailment if left unchecked, so medical attention should be sought as soon as possible. Please work with your medical advisors to develop a plan for your well-being and health.
Resource: Mayo Clinic
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