There are several types of migraine. The two main categories are migraine with aura, and migraine without aura, although there are other less common types as well.
Migraine with aura is what used to be called classical migraine. The aura is the name for the symptoms some people feel before the headache hits. These can include:
• Visual disturbances such as flashing lights, blind spots, lines, heat waves
• Mental fogginess or fuzziness
• Numbness or tingling in face or hands
• Other sensory disturbances involving smell, taste or touch
The migraine without aura results in the same pain and other symptoms but without the sensory symptoms before the headache.
The other types are migraine include:
• Abdominal migraine - most common in children
• Basilar migraine - most common in teen girls, but occurs in children and teens
• Hemiplegic migraine – this can run in families, and is then called Familial Hemiplegic migraine.
• Menstrually-Related migraine – commonly occurs around women’s periods, but most also have migraines at other times as well.
• Migraine without headache – has all the other symptoms of migraine, sensory issues, nausea, vomiting, but not the headache.
• Ophthalmoplegic migraine – less common, characterized by the headache along with droopy eyelid, dilated pupil, and visual disturbances that can last for weeks.
• Retinal migraine – involves loss of vision or visual disturbances in one eye.
• Status migrainosis – this type is rare and so severe the person who has it has to be hospitalized.
Migraine prevention is two-fold. The easiest and most effective way to prevent them is to avoid triggers. It can take some time to figure out what triggers your migraines. There are some things like caffeine and chocolate that are pretty common, but each person is different. That is why keeping a migraine journal is so important.
The second part of prevention involves taking action as soon as your symptoms begin. That action may be low-tech symptom control such as lying down in a dark, quiet room, a cool cloth or icepack placed on your head, and drinking plenty of fluids, especially if you are vomiting. For people whose migraines are not triggered by caffeine, sometimes just a little caffeine may head off a migraine right when it’s starting.
The other part of taking action immediately includes medications. Medications are either taken daily to prevent migraines altogether, or are taken immediately at onset of symptoms. The medications for acute migraine are called abortive medications because they cut off or abort the migraine.
This list is not all-inclusive, because quite a few medications are used off-label for migraines:
• Triptans
• Ergot derived
• Over-the-counter (OTC)
• Combination analgesics
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
• Nausea relief drugs
• Narcotics
• Anticonvulsants
• Beta-blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Antidepressants
There are also other natural treatments for migraine, including:
• Vitamin B2
• Magnesium
• Coenzyme Q10
• Butterbur
• Feverfew
• Nettles
Most of these can be found in the vitamin and supplement section of a grocery store or health food store.
Other treatments include biofeedback, exercise, dietary interventions, relaxation training and acupuncture.
One note: When you are being treated for migraines, you must always let your provider know about drugs you are taking, including over the counter or herbal medications. Some herbs interact with other medications so it can be a real problem not to mention them. Always be safe and very honest with your health care provider.
Sources:
National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/headache/detail_headache.htm
Mitchell, William A., Jr., (2003), Plant Medicine in Practice, Using the Teachings of John Bastyr
Women’s Health.Gov
http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/migraine.cfm