Did you know that the human body requires only about 500 milligrams (mg) of sodium per day? Most Americans, however, consume closer to 4,000-6,000 mg daily, many exceeding the tolerable upper intake level of 5,800 mg. Although one teaspoon of salt contains almost 2,100 mg of sodium, the majority of sodium eaten by Americans comes from processed foods, such as deli meats and canned, frozen, or fast foods.
Just what impact dietary sodium has on health is a controversial issue that continues to be debated by scientists and doctors. Some recommend that we all limit our sodium intake to protect our health, while others believe that only certain people with certain conditions should limit their intake of sodium. If your doctor or nutritionist has recommended that you watch your sodium intake, you might find that your busy lifestyle makes it difficult. But there are ways to do it successfully, even while you're on the go.
You may be familiar with the "Nutrition Facts" labels that appear on just about every item in your grocery store. But did you know that the laws behind food labeling also apply to restaurant signs, ads, and menus? Here's how it works:
Most airlines provide low-sodium meals, but not necessarily on all flights. Airlines frequently need 24 hours notice and ask that you call ahead to determine if a special meal can be provided on your particular flight. Fruit plates, if available, are always a good low-sodium option. Tossed green salads are another option, but be aware of the high-sodium ham, cheese , or salad dressings that may accompany them.
Ironically, fast-food restaurants provide some of the best nutrition information available to consumers. In fact, McDonald's Corporation was one of the pioneers in providing nutrition analyses of its menu items to consumers. By putting nutrition information about their products on the Internet, many fast food franchises have taken the guesswork out of ordering foods that are not only lower in sodium, but also in fat and cholesterol.
Fast-food chains provide standardization too. While traveling around the country, you can be assured that a burger in Chicago will have the same sodium content as its New York cousin.
Joanne V. Lichten, RD, PhD, author of Dining Lean: How to Eat Healthy in Your Favorite Restaurants, offers some practical tips for slashing salt at the fast-food restaurants, such as:
Some family restaurants, steakhouses, and more upscale dining establishments may not provide easily accessible nutrition information. Analyzing nutrition information can be expensive, and upscale restaurants frequently change their menus, making the process of providing nutrition information even more costly.
But there are some simple steps you can take to control your sodium intake in these restaurants. For example, choose smaller servings of all foods, which will help slash overall sodium intake. Try ordering lunch-size portions for dinner or share a dinner entree with a dining companion.
If your dinner plans include a five-star restaurant, you may be able to call ahead to find out how the chef can accommodate you. Five-star Chicago restaurant Spiaggia suggests calling several days in advance of your reservation time to let the chefs know your dietary needs, so that your dinner can be customized to fit your needs.
Dr. Lichten has some tips for when you're eating at an upscale restaurant:
Although the restaurant, airline, or food manufacturer may ultimately be in charge of the choices they give you, you can take some simple steps to control your sodium intake, such as:
RESOURCES:
American Heart Association
http://www.americanheart.org
National Restaurant Association
http://www.restaurant.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Dietitians of Canada
http://www.dietitians.ca/
Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
http://ww2.heartandstroke.ca
References:
Dietary Reference Intakes: Water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. National Institutes of Medicine website. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3788/3969/18495.aspx. Accessed February 18, 2008.
Lichten JV. Dining Lean: How to Eat Healthy in Your Favorite Restaurants. Nutrifit Publishing; 2000.
Natow AB and Heslin J. Eating Out Food Counter. Pocket Books (Simon & Schuster); 1998.
Nutrition fact sheet: sodium. Northwestern University website. Available at: http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/sodium.html. Accessed February 18, 2008.
Last reviewed February 2010 by Brian Randall, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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