What is Colic?
According to WhattoExpect.com, colic strikes 20 percent of all babies. The term “colic” is used to describe an otherwise healthy baby, between three weeks and three months of age, who cries uncontrollably for more than three hours at a time at least three days a week for more than three weeks. (1, 2)
Since each baby is different, signs of colic may differ from baby to baby.
Signs of colic include:
• Crying at the same time every day (usually late afternoon or early evening) for long periods of time
• Loud, piercing and continuous crying or full-blown screaming
• Pulled up legs
• Clenched hands
• Tightened abdominal muscles
• Passing gas or spitting up during the crying episode
• Face that turns bright red
Colic usually starts at about two weeks of age in full-term infants (later in premature infants), but almost always goes away by three or four months of age. Colic affects both boys and girls, breastfed and bottle-fed babies, first-born babies and middle babies the same.
What causes Colic?
There is no single cause of colic. What causes colic it in one baby may not be what causes colic in another. Here are some suggested causes of colic:
1) Overstimulation
Newborns are innately able to tune out the sights and sounds of the world around them. Towards the end of the first month, this built-in mechanism disappears leaving baby in a very busy, noisy world. Babies release that sensory stress in the only way they know how — by crying. (1)
2) Infant acid reflux
Some experts believe that nearly half of all babies suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD. This may be the case if your baby is spitting up frequently and is irritable during and after feedings. Most babies outgrow GERD by 12 months of age as their digestive system develops. (1)
3) Food allergies or sensitivities
Some babies have difficulty processing lactose or milk proteins present in normal milk-based formulas, or some foods that mama eats when she’s breastfeeding.
What Can I Do to Soothe My Colicky Baby?
The first thing you should do is not blame yourself.
Second, have your baby examined by the doctor to investigate any possible medical reasons, including possibly GERD, for the crying.
Third, learn when you need a break and when to get help – and don’t be ashamed to ask for it. Babies’ cries always seem to be at just the right pitch to stomp up and down on mom’s nerves.
Helplessly listening to hours on end of screaming when you have tried everything possible without much apparent success can really take a toll on a mama. It is interesting to note that these crying episodes also occur within the same time frame as the onset of postpartum depression in most women.
Fourthly, look for ways you can help prevent colic symptoms during the day. Consider these possibilities:
1. If you’re breastfeeding, try eliminating cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli, chocolate, dairy, soy, wheat, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts and fish. If eliminating one doesn’t seem to make a difference, try another one or a combination. Also, make sure your baby is latching on properly.
2. If you’re formula feeding, try switching to a soy-based formula or a lactose-free formula, or try adding lactase to ordinary formula. Trying a hypoallergenic formula is also an option. You may also try different nipple or bottle styles to reduce air bubbles in the digestive system. Also, try holding baby sitting up during feeding.
3. Try probiotic drops. Most infant formulas now have added probiotics, but “[o]ne study found that colicky babies treated with a probiotic called Lactobacillus reuteri cried less than those who were given simethicone (Mylicon drops), a conventional over-the-counter treatment for gas.” (1)
4. Baby massage doesn’t need to be anything fancy. Sometimes just carrying your baby in a front baby carrier or rubbing your little one’s back, arms, belly, and legs may help her relax.
WhattoExpect.com has more soothing suggestions here as does WebMD and BabyCenter.ca.
Sources:
1) What is Colic? WhattoExpect.com. Web. Aug 7, 2013.
http://www.whattoexpect.com/what-is-colic.aspx
2) Parents’ Guide to Soothing Your Crying Baby. WebMD. Web. Aug 7, 2013.
http://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/crying-colic-9/what-is-colic
3) Colic. Babycenter.ca. Web. Aug 7, 2013.
http://www.babycenter.ca/a77/colic
Reviewed August 7, 2013
by Michele Blacksberg RN
Edited by Jody Smith