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Definition

Erb’s palsy happens when the baby’s neck is stretched during delivery. This can cause damage to the upper nerves of the neck and shoulder. The nerve damage can then cause certain muscles in the baby’s arm to be weak. Over time, the baby can recover movement. He can also recover feeling in the arm. In some cases, long-lasting damage can occur.

Vaginal Birth

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Causes

Erb’s palsy is usually caused by:

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Risk Factors

These factors increase your chance of delivering a baby with Erb’s palsy:

Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors.

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Symptoms

Often, Erb’s palsy is discovered after birth due to the typical signs and symptoms, such as:

  • Inability of your baby to move their arm or shoulder
  • Arm is bent inward toward the body
  • Weak or absent reflexes in the arm
  • Loss of feeling in the arm

Diagnosis

The doctor may:

  • Ask about your baby’s symptoms and medical history.
  • Do a physical exam.
  • Do tests, such as:
    • X-ray]]>—a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the body, especially bones and joints
    • ]]>MRI scan]]>—a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the body to check for damage to bones or joints
    • ]]>Electromyography]]> (EMG)—a test that measures and records the electrical activity of a muscle
    • ]]>Nerve conduction study]]>—a test that measures the speed and strength of electrical activity in a nerve

Treatment

Talk with the doctor about the best treatment plan, which may include:

  • Physical therapy and activity—This can help keep your baby’s joints and muscles flexible and strong. You will take an active role in moving your baby’s shoulder, arm, and hand. Massage may also be an option.
  • Surgery—This may be recommended in cases where there is no improvement.

When your child is older, other treatments may be recommended, such as:

  • Muscle and tendon transfer (surgery to improve function)
  • Joint fusion surgery

Prevention

To help reduce your baby’s chance of Erb’s Palsy, take the following steps:

  • Have regular prenatal care visits.
  • Tell your doctor if you have had previous difficult deliveries.