Retinitis Pigmentosa Causes & Risks

Causes

Many types of RP are caused by a genetic mutation. Some cases occur sporadically. Vision loss occurs when light-sensitive cells in the retina gradually break down. There are two types of cells in the retina:

Cones—These cells are found mostly in the center of the retina. Cones are needed for central vision and to see colors.
Rods—Located mostly away from the center, rods respond to dim light. They provide night and peripheral vision.

In most forms of retinitis pigmentosa, the rods die. Vision, thus, becomes impaired at night. The ability to see things off to the side while looking ahead also decreases. In some forms of RP, the cones are lost. In those cases, central and color vision suffers. Vision loss usually progresses over a period of many years.

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.

Risk factors for RP include:

Family members with RP
Sex: male

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