By EKalman April 8, 2025 - 5:16am

Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal flora disorder that occurs in women of childbearing age. Although this condition is not considered a sexually transmitted disease, it shouldn't be ignored. Failure to treat it promptly can lead to complications and serious health problems. In this article, we will tell you everything you need to know about bacterial vaginosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

What is bacterial vaginosis?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted. Normally, a woman's vagina contains a large number of beneficial bacteria called lactobacilli that create an acidic environment and protect against infection.

If you have bacterial vaginosis, the number of lactobacilli decreases, and other bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic microorganisms, begin to multiply actively. It's important to understand that bacterial vaginosis is not a classic sexually transmitted infection, but certain sexual encounters can actually trigger the development of this condition.

Causes of bacterial vaginosis
There are several reasons that can lead to disruption of the vaginal microflora. The most common of them are:
- Frequent change of sexual partners. Although bacterial vaginosis is not a direct consequence of sexual intercourse, partner change can affect the microflora.
- Use of harsh intimate hygiene products. Antiseptics, antibacterial soaps, and douches can disrupt the natural acid-base balance.
- Hormonal changes. Pregnancy, menstruation, and taking hormonal medications all affect the composition of the microflora.
- Long-term use of antibiotics. Antibiotics destroy not only harmful but also beneficial bacteria, which can trigger the development of bacterial vaginosis.
- Smoking. Nicotine disrupts the immune system of the mucous membranes, including the vagina.
- Stress and reduced immunity. Any stress weakens the body's ability to control the composition of the microflora.

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
Sometimes, bacterial vaginosis can be asymptomatic. However, women most commonly notice the following symptoms:
- Abnormal discharge. The main symptom is abundant grayish-white or cloudy discharge with an unpleasant "fishy" odor, which worsens after intercourse.
- Discomfort. Itching, burning, or mild irritation of the vagina may occur.
- Mild pain or pressure. Although this is not a primary symptom, some women report discomfort in the lower abdomen.

If you notice any unusual discharge or odor, this is a reason to see a doctor immediately.

Why is bacterial vaginosis dangerous?
Although many women are unaware of bacterial vaginosis, it can cause serious complications:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease. Untreated bacterial vaginosis can lead to infection of the upper uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
- Complications during pregnancy. Bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of premature birth, miscarriage, and infectious complications in the newborn.
- Infections after gynecological procedures. Any procedure (e.g., IUD insertion, abortion, cervical biopsy) performed in the presence of bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of complications.
- Increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. Disturbed microflora reduces the natural defenses of the vagina and increases the risk of infection with HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and other diseases.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis
The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is performed by the best gynecologist and includes:
- Pelvic examination. The doctor assesses the type of discharge and the presence of any odor.
- Smear microscopy. Under the microscope, certain cells (cells with "adherent" bacteria), called "key cells," are visible.
- Vaginal pH measurement. In BV, the pH rises above normal (over 4.5).
- Amino test. When an alkaline solution is added to the secretions, a specific fishy odor develops.
- Bacteriological culture. In some cases, it is prescribed to precisely determine the type of bacteria and their sensitivity to antibiotics.

Treatment of bacterial vaginosis
Fortunately, bacterial vaginosis is very treatable. Main drugs:
- Antibacterial agents. The most effective drugs are considered to be metronidazole and clindamycin. They can be used in the form of pills, vaginal creams, or gels.
- Restoration of microflora. After antibacterial therapy, probiotics are often prescribed to normalize the vaginal environment.
- Lifestyle change. Refusal of aggressive hygiene products, reduction of the number of sexual partners, and use of condoms.

Many women try to use home remedies (like douching with chamomile tea, soda, etc.), but this can only worsen the condition. Treatment should only be prescribed by a doctor.