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Definition

Peritonsillar abscess is a bacterial infection. It develops in the back of the throat, behind or above the tonsils. The infection causes a pocket of pus to form. The tonsil area becomes tender. Fever, trouble swallowing, jaw spasms, and bad breath may also occur. This type of abscess usually happens on one side of the throat or the other. The condition is more common in young adults. It can also occur in children.

The Tonsils

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Causes

The abscess is caused by bacteria. It is usually a complication of another illness, such as:

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Risk Factors

These factors increase your chances of developing peritonsillar abscess:

  • Age: 20-40 years
  • Gender: male
  • Recent throat infection or dental infection
  • Periodontal disease
  • Smoking
Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors.

Symptoms

If you have any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to peritonsillar abscess. These may be caused by other conditions. Tell your doctor if you have:

  • Swelling of the tonsils (usually occurs on one side of the throat)
  • Fever
  • Drooling
  • Bad breath
  • Spasm of the jaw muscle
  • Discomfort in the uvula and soft palate (tissue at the roof of the mouth)
  • Difficulty swallowing

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will also be done. Tests may include the following:

  • Needle aspiration—a needle is used to remove a sample of tissue
  • Ultrasound—uses sound waves to make images of the inside of the neck
  • CT scan]]>—a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the neck
  • ]]>MRI scan]]>—a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the neck

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Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Options include the following:

Supportive Care

To recover, rest and drink plenty of fluids.

Medication

Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection. Antibiotics can be given in pill form or via an IV (a needle that goes into the arm). Pain relievers may also be recommended.

Aspiration

Your doctor may puncture the abscess with a needle. Fluid will be removed. A sample will be sent to the lab for testing. This procedure can be done in the doctor’s office.

Incision and Drainage Procedure

Your doctor may recommend an incision and drainage procedure. While under sedation, the doctor will make a small cut in the abscess. The fluid will be drained.

Tonsillectomy

Your doctor may recommend a tonsillectomy]]>. This involves removing the affected tonsil.

Prevention

To help reduce your chances of getting peritonsillar abscess, take the following steps:

  • If you have an infection, see your doctor. This is especially important if you have severe or chronic throat infections.
  • If you smoke, quit.