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Treatment
Treatment depends on what is causing the nephrotic syndrome. Some cases are treatable with medication, while others lead to kidney failure despite treatment. Besides directly treating the underlying cause, if possible, steps are taken to:
- Adjust diet to replace protein lost in the urine
- Use ACE inhibitors to reduce protein loss (in some cases)
- Treat edema by restricting salt intake and taking diuretics (water pills)
- Lower cholesterol and blood pressure with diet, exercise, and medications
Treatment Options for Selected Underlying Kidney Diseases
Minimal Change Disease
Most cases of nephrotic syndrome in children are caused by minimal change disease. This condition is treated with oral steroids, such as prednisone. If the child does not respond to treatment, the doctor may prescribe other medications. Most children outgrow minimal change disease in their teen years and don’t have any permanent kidney damage.
Membranous Nephropathy
The most common kidney disease leading to nephrotic syndrome in adults is membranous nephropathy. Treatment for this condition is controversial, though it usually involves medications to suppress the activity of the immune system.
Dialysis and Kidney Transplants
If the kidneys stop functioning, dialysis or a kidney transplant is needed. A dialysis machine filters waste and excess water from the blood. Dialysis may be done until kidney function improves or a transplant is available.