Outdoor sports don't have to stop just because it is cold. In fact, many hikers, bikers, runners, and obviously skiers and snowshoers relish the invigorating cold of the winter months.

Before you head out for a day-long excursion in seriously cold weather, take the following steps to avoid frostbite and ]]>hypothermia]]>.

Stay Warm and Dry With Three Layers of Clothing

  • An outer layer made of water-repellent and wind-proof material (eg, Goretex or nylon)
  • A middle layer of wool or synthetic fabric (eg, Qualofil or Pile) to absorb sweat and retain insulation
  • A synthetic layer (eg, polypropylene or Capilene) closest to your skin to wick away moisture from perspiration

It is just as important to stay dry as it is to stay warm, including keeping sweat away from your skin.

Cover Up

Cover your head, face, and neck with a hat (or hood) and scarf or a balaclava. Since mittens are warmer, but gloves allow more use of your fingers, try wearing lightweight gloves under your mittens in case you need to use your hands. Keep your feet warm and dry with two pairs of socks (wool or synthetic).

Stay Hydrated

]]>Dehydration]]> can contribute to hypothermia. Drink plenty of water and avoid drinks with alcohol and caffeine because they can dehydrate you.

Eat for Heat

Your body needs food to fuel your exercise and to generate body heat, so do not head out on an empty stomach. And bring along plenty of snacks, like trail mix, energy bars, fruit, and bread.

Monitor Your Energy

Fatigue can contribute to hypothermia, so be aware of your energy level and plan the length of your excursion accordingly. Rest when necessary and cut the outing short if you are uncertain about your stamina.

Bring a Buddy

A friend can help you if you get tired and keep an eye on your face, cheeks, and ears for signs of frostbite. Do periodic checks for cold, wet, and numb areas, especially your face, feet, and hands.

Choose Your Days Wisely

Temperatures below freezing (32°F) and slightly higher temperatures accompanied by wind chill effects are risk factors for hypothermia and ]]>frostbite]]>. Keep an eye on weather forecasts and plan your outdoor activities for the relatively warmer days without snow or rain.